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The President of Panama, José Raúl Mulino, rejected the threats made by U.S. President-elect Donald Trump about retaking control of the Panama Canal. “The canal is not under direct or indirect control of China, the European Community, the United States, or any other power. As a Panamanian, I strongly reject any statement that distorts this reality,” stated Mulino in a video on his X account without explicitly mentioning Trump.

The reaction comes after Trump made the threat on Saturday on his Truth Social platform. “Our Navy and commerce have been threatened in a very unfair and reckless way. The rates that Panama charges are ridiculous.” “This complete scam against our country will cease immediately,” Trump stated.

The president-elect also denounced China’s growing influence over the canal, a concerning situation since American businesses depend on the canal to transport goods between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. “It was exclusively for Panama to manage, not China or anyone else,” Trump said. “We would never and will never let it fall into the wrong hands!”

If Panama cannot guarantee a “safe, efficient, and reliable operation” of the canal, “then we will demand that the Panama Canal be returned to us in its entirety and without any doubt,” added the Republican.

The Panamanian president responded by demanding “respect” for his country and reiterated that “every square meter of the Panama Canal and its adjacent zones belongs to Panama and will continue to be so.” “Our country’s sovereignty and independence are not negotiable,” he added.

Despite Trump’s statements, Mulino said he hopes to have “a good and respectful relationship” with the future U.S. government, with which he hopes to continue addressing issues such as illegal migration and drug trafficking. The Panama Canal, which was completed by the United States in 1914, was returned to the Central American country under the 1977 agreement signed by Democratic President Jimmy Carter.

Panama resumed complete control of the commercial passage on December 31, 1999. Former Panamanian President Martín Torrijos (2004-2009) considered in an Instagram message that “any attempt” to take away Panama’s management of the canal is “an offense.”

Recently crocodiles have been in the news in Costa Rica. There has been an increase in crocodile sightings and within the last year or so folks are starting to wonder if there’s a problem with the country’s crocodile population. I’ll be forthright with my feelings on the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). For me, they are the perfect blend of awesome and slightly terrifying. Personally, an increase in crocodile sightings would directly increase the happiness level of my life.

I already have an informal scale between my wife and I for how awesome my day was based on the number of crocodiles I’d seen. For example, a ‘three crocodile day’ is a great day. That being said, I understand there are people on the opposite end of the spectrum who prefer to never lay their eyes upon these scaly predators.

Being a crocodile fan, I follow what’s being said about the reptiles in Costa Rica. Some of the top talking points are: the notion that there is an overpopulation of crocodiles currently happening in the country, crocodiles lack natural predators to keep their population in check, and the increase in crocodile sightings will be dangerous for people and pets. Based on one or a few of these ideas, the idea of a crocodile hunt has been considered.

Hunting has been illegal in Costa Rica for decades, so a condoned crocodile hunt would be a significant change. I believe the hunting ban has been a very good idea for Costa Rica. That doesn’t mean that hunting is always at odds with conservation. I come from Pennsylvania in the United States. That state sees hundreds of thousands of white-tailed deer legally hunted every year, and I have absolutely no problem with that. Hunting is a necessary part of the ecological balance there. Is crocodile hunting a necessary part of the balance in Costa Rica?

Being a crocodile enthusiast doesn’t make me a crocodile expert. So what are the experts saying about Ticolandia’s crocodile population? Every article I can find that interviews crocodile experts in Costa Rica has those experts saying that there is no overpopulation of crocodiles in the country. The population is rebounding from low levels in the past caused by hunting, and for that reason people are starting to see crocs more frequently, especially during their reproductive season, but there is no overpopulation.

I’ve also seen claims that crocodiles lack predators, so it’s up to humans to keep the population in check. I can see this idea making sense while thinking of a several meter long, decades old crocodile that sits at the top of the food chain, but those are the few individuals who made it through the predation gauntlet. The fact is juvenile crocodiles have a list of predators that could fill a full page in a notebook. In the few opportunities I’ve had to film crocodiles, I’ve documented them being eaten by herons, ocelots, and hawks. 

Another concern is that people are seeing crocodiles in areas where humans and pets like to spend time, and the danger level is unacceptable. I empathize with this concern. As I said part of my fascination with crocodiles is based on fear, and I recognize that crocodiles are top predators.

Plus, I have personal experience in this area. The other day my son attended a birthday party on a popular beach and while the kids frolicked in the sand, a crocodile cruised through the surf. I’ve had cameras in estuaries where I recorded somebody’s dog just barely escaping being eaten by a crocodile. Spending time in areas where predators live definitely comes with an increased level of responsibility.

With all of that being said, I do not see the need for a crocodile hunt in Costa Rica. Hunting is an effective tool in conservation, and it may be necessary at some point in the future, but right now, Costa Rica’s crocodile experts aren’t calling for that. I believe education and signage are a must. Relocations of some individual crocodiles may be necessary, but I would leave the necessity of that to the experts. That’s where I’ve landed. What do you think?

About the Author

Vincent Losasso, founder of Guanacaste Wildlife Monitoring, is a biologist who works with camera traps throughout Costa Rica. Learn more about his projects on facebook or instagram. You can also email him at: vincent@guanacastewildlifemonitoring.com

According to research by several international mobility management consulting firms, 75% of “accompanying spouses” are women. While some succeed in obtaining employment abroad, between 35% and 50% do not resume work or initiate a career change. Moving abroad often serves as a period of professional reflection. What motivates these women to pursue a new career path and how do they navigate this transition?

Moving abroad, whether by choice or not, presents a unique set of experiences for “accompanying spouses,” who are mostly women. While some manage to maintain continuous employment, others see this period as an opportunity to change career paths.

After the initial phase of moving and adjusting, expatriation offers a pause, a rare moment to reflect deeply on one’s career path. Many people caught up in the unstoppable pace of their careers rarely take this step back. However, the desire for career retraining is strong, as evidenced by numerous surveys.

Transition also introduces a stimulating new environment: learning a language, adapting to a different culture, expanding social networks and encountering diverse professional contexts, all of which encourage reconsideration of career possibilities. The importance of networking, whether for job search or professional reorientation, cannot be overestimated. Moving abroad often leads to interactions with varied profiles that would not have been encountered in the home country, providing fewer social barriers due to the shared experience of living abroad.

Financially, international mobility projects can offer benefits such as housing subsidies, cost of living adjustments, and health insurance, which alleviate some of the financial pressures found in the home country. This financial relief makes it an appropriate time for women to invest in themselves, either by pursuing training or devoting months to job search.

In addition, spousal employers often support the “accompanying spouse” with resources such as job search assistance, coaching or specialized training. This support can facilitate retraining, a task that might have been daunting due to time, financial constraints or mental workload in the home country. This combined support framework makes expatriation an ideal time for a career transition.

Navigating the challenges of retraining in the host country

Undertaking a career change while living abroad presents several obstacles, starting with adapting to a new environment. Several factors can complicate this transition.

Work permit requirements

In many countries, obtaining a work permit for the accompanying spouse involves a separate application from that of the primary expatriate. Often, these requirements are intentionally restrictive to protect local jobs. For example, in China, certain visas require at least two years of professional experience in the desired industry. This requirement represents a significant challenge for those undergoing retraining, as they lack experience in their new field. In addition, securing a local job offer, which is often necessary, can be daunting when switching to an industry unrelated to previous experience. The application process can be lengthy and complex.

Language proficiency

Mastering a new language is crucial, especially when retraining requires communication skills in the local language. For example, if a lawyer wishes to switch to teaching, unless working in an international school, teaching in the local language is usually required, a formidable barrier if still learning the language. Training for new qualifications can also be hampered if it is not available in one’s native language remotely, forcing many to interact primarily within expatriate circles.

Recognition of foreign qualifications

Another major challenge is the recognition of foreign qualifications. Some countries accept a certified copy of foreign qualifications, while others require formal recognition by a state-accredited agency. The ENIC NARIC network, available in nearly 55 countries, can assist in this process, but obtaining certification can take weeks or even months. It is essential to plan ahead for any retraining related to retraining, as well as to understand the extensive administrative demands. These constraints require careful navigation and preparation, underscoring the complexities of continuing to develop professionally while adjusting to life abroad.

The roadmap to a successful career change for expatriate women

Navigating the complexities of retraining while living abroad can be overwhelming. Once the initial challenges are addressed, the following steps can facilitate a successful career change.

Skills Assessment

This is a critical first step in retraining, especially if you do not have a clearly defined career plan. There are numerous tools that can help assess strengths, including personality tests such as the DISC method, questionnaires and other self-assessment tools. Gallup’s Clifton Strengths method is another standardized option. In some countries, skills assessment is a comprehensive process that includes ongoing support over several weeks or months, guided by professionals who specialize in career transitions.

Dedicated coaching

Many private coaches specialize in career retraining, and some focus exclusively on assisting expatriate women seeking new career paths. However, it is important to note that not all coaches are qualified to conduct formal skills assessments, even if they offer them. Clearly define your needs and goals, and make sure there is transparency about the methods and tools the coach will employ.

Expatriate networks

Tapping into expatriate networks can provide invaluable support during your career transition. These networks are often made up of people facing similar challenges and can offer advice, support and practical assistance through associations or informal social networking groups. Some associations also promote workshops, mentoring and other retraining support services. Be sure to check with your local consulate for an up-to-date list of professional associations that may be helpful.

Entrepreneurship

Consider starting your own business as part of your transition. Many expatriates use their time abroad to launch independent projects, which can offer more flexibility and allow you to tailor your business to your new career goals without relying on an employer to bet on your emerging skills in a new sector. Entrepreneurship is an educational journey in itself. However, the viability and success of such a venture will depend on local regulations and support for entrepreneurship in your host country. Some countries support such initiatives, while others may have strict administrative requirements.

By following these steps and preparing adequately, you can navigate your overseas relocation more effectively and confidently achieve your new career goals.

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With the arrival of the end of the year season, Costa Ricans take advantage of the festivities to explore national and international destinations, looking for unique experiences to close and start the year. The most sought after international destinations for Costa Ricans combine Christmas magic, shopping and cultural adventures.

USA shows the way

The United States leads as the preferred destination, in 2024, between the months of January and October 240 thousand Ticos traveled to different cities in that country, according to the Costa Rican Tourism Institute.

“New York, with its emblematic tree in Rockefeller Center, the decorated windows of Fifth Avenue and the evocative atmosphere of movies like My Poor Angel, is one of the most dreamed places to live an unforgettable Christmas,” said Mauricio Solano, director of the Meridianos Agency.

Orlando, meanwhile, attracts families looking to enjoy the magic of Disney and Universal Studios, in addition to taking advantage of shopping opportunities, while Miami combines beaches, Latin culture and a wide range of commercial offerings, making it the ideal place for those seeking a balance between relaxation and entertainment.

Other favorite places

“In Canada, winter destinations such as Montreal and Quebec stand out for their unique Christmas atmosphere. The snow, flea markets and traditions of these cities offer a magical experience for those who want a northern-style Christmas,” Solano added.

Closer to Costa Rica, Panama remains a popular choice for its proximity and shopping appeal. Ease of access and its commercial offerings make it a recurring destination for many Costa Ricans at this time of year.

Meanwhile, Medellin, Colombia, combines culture, gastronomy and its spectacular Christmas lights, making it one of the most visited cities during this time of year.

Exotic places

With the change of calendar, many Costa Ricans choose to travel to more distant and exotic destinations. Europe continues to be a popular option despite the winter, with countries such as Spain, France and Italy leading the preferences. In addition, destinations in Asia such as Thailand are gaining ground for their exoticism, culture and unique landscapes, according to Agencia Meridianos.

For those who prefer to enjoy their vacations without leaving the country, local resorts and beaches are the preferred options. Guanacaste stands out as the favorite region.

International destinations for Costa Ricans also include specific lodging recommendations. In Colombia, in addition to Medellin, Bogota is one of the preferred cities to attend massive events and concerts.

Travel spending in 2024

Costa Ricans spent $936 million on foreign travel in the first six months of 2024, doubling the levels of 2022, according to the Central Bank. This record spending reflects a sustained growth in international tourism activity, consolidated since 2023, when outbound expenditures reached $1.675 billion. Panama’s Tocumen International Airport stands out as an important air hub in the region.

The World’s Favorite Destinations

These are the countries in the world that most captured the interest of Costa Ricans in the world in 2024 (figures from the Costa Rican Tourism Institute, between January and October).

Destination Travelers:

1. United States 240,100

2. Panama 164,846

3. Colombia 127,843

4. Mexico 119,811

5. Guatemala 69,684

6. Spain 51,564

7. El Salvador 48,636

8. France 13,759

9. Peru 11,401

10. Dominican Republic 11.350

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Surf instructors in Tamarindo and other beaches in Guanacaste have raised their voices against foreigners in irregular migratory status who engage in this same activity. Recently, they formed an Association of Instructors at Tamarindo Beach to advocate for their rights. According to Heyner Miranda, President of the Surf Instructors Association of Tamarindo Beach, this has become a major issue.

Tourists enter the country with proper documentation, as they are usually coming for tourism. However, they are drawn by Costa Rica’s beautiful beaches and wonderful waves, perfect for surfing. Therefore, they choose to stay in the country and work as surf instructors without the proper permission from the Ministry of Labor.

“Ticos are being displaced by foreigners who are working here illegally. Faced with this situation in Playa Tamarindo, we decided to take concrete actions, such as forming the Association to put a definitive stop to this issue that has generated a black market, which is highly detrimental to thousands of Costa Rican families,” said Miranda.

National instructors typically charge higher prices, as they must comply with specific tax obligations and requirements imposed by local and national governments. Meanwhile, foreigners can charge lower fees as they can evade these responsibilities.

Last March, a group of 88 surf instructors from beaches such as Tamarindo, Avellanas, Nosara, Sámara, Santa Teresa de Cóbano, Dominicalito, Boca Barranca, Jacó, Pavones, and Cahuita joined forces and urged government authorities to act promptly. This sport generates thousands of jobs in coastal areas, involving activities such as teaching, manufacturing boards, selling items in stores, and organizing tours.

Immigration and labor experts agree that foreigners working illegally impact other key areas, such as tax payments and social security contributions. “This is a huge mess. Immigration and local police have been complacent. Stricter policies and laws are needed. It seems that here everyone can come and do whatever they want, ignoring the laws completely, and nothing happens,” said lawyer and immigration law expert, Gerardo Zúñiga.

The district of San Gerardo de Dota exists in Costa Rica in the province of San José, precisely in the Talamanca Mountain Range.

Located at an altitude of approximately 2,200 meters above sea level, it is defined by its inhabitants and visitors as picturesque and captivating through its mountainous landscapes.

It is a dream paradise with a cool and temperate climate, which also makes it an attractive destination for nature lovers and ecotourists.

The researcher, writer of “Montaña Indómita” and Costa Rican geographer, Jose Rivas, describes San Gerardo as a dream that intertwines lush oak and laurel trees, resplendent quetzals, living, dormant, crackling nature, apple crops, peaches, plums, avocados, fishing and warm hotels.

Rivas Rivas mentioned San Gerardo’s pleasant climate, perhaps because of its authentic biodiversity, with cloud forests that are home to a great variety of flora and fauna, including birds such fauna, including birds such as the quetzal, Costa Rica’s national symbol, which attracts birdwatchers from around the world. Attracts birdwatchers from around the world.

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And among its landscapes full of greenery, you can appreciate the Los Santos Forest Reserve and its vegetation combined with its deep-rooted coffee culture, and cultivation of vegetables, flowers, and various fruits. It is impossible to avoid tasting the wonderful plums, apples, and peaches.

Agriculture is a fundamental part of the local economy. The region’s coffee is known for its quality, and many farms offer tours and tastings to visitors. Sustainable agriculture is a common practice, using methods that respect the environment and promote soil health.

The geographer José Rivas considers the people of Dota as friendly and hardworking, “sculpted with the chisel of the kind farmer, woven with the distaff of the grandmother and to the sound of a pleasant and harmonious mandolin; they awaken the feeling of a Costa Rica, which once breathed in every small town. In Dota the feeling remains, from Empalme to Sukia, from Santa Maria to San Gerardo, from Trinidad to Piedras Blancas, and all the towns or localities that compose it”.

Life in San Gerardo is characterized by a quiet pace, where traditions and local culture play an important role in daily life.

If we talk about the typical dishes… They include fresh ingredients, many of which are locally grown. Among the culinary delights are “Gallo pinto” (a mixture of rice and beans), corn-based dishes, as well as soups and stews that incorporate fresh vegetables. As mentioned above, local coffee is a central element in the diet and culture of the area, enjoyed by residents and visitors alike.

A glimpse into the past

The history of San Gerardo de Dota dates back to its founding in the 19th century when the first colonists began to settle in the area.

The region, originally inhabited by indigenous communities, was transformed by the arrival of settlers seeking fertile land for agriculture. Over time, San Gerardo de Dota developed as an agricultural settlement, and its population has grown as more people have moved to the region in search of new opportunities.

In 1963, the Instituto de Tierras y Colonización, which was renamed IDA and is now known as INDER, granted land titles to those who could demonstrate that they had successfully worked a plot of land, unclaimed for 10 years.

It was not until 1969 that the government opened a road between the small but growing village and the Inter-American Highway about nine kilometers to the north.

San Gerardo: Rich in culture

The culture of San Gerardo de Dota is a mixture of indigenous and Costa Rican influences, reflected in its music, dances, and traditions. Local festivities, such as the celebration of the feast of San Gerardo, are important moments for the community, where religious activities, fairs, and cultural events take place. Local handicrafts are also outstanding, with elaborate products that reflect the cultural identity of the region.

Curious and interesting geographic facts, myths, and truths.

✓ San Gerardo de Dota is sometimes called Shangri-La by the locals of Talamanca. It is one of the most picturesque in Costa Rica and has a good selection of hotels and lodges to choose from.

✓ San Gerardo, not only enjoys the Doteño sense of place. As unlikely as it may seem, it is a shared town. According to data from geographer Rivas, its Administrative Territorial Division (DTA) marks great contrasts. It divides towns and “dissects” geographies, realities, and perceptions. “The analysis is curious if you go into the mountains, if you cross rivers, hills if you talk to people, and if you look at a precise map that locates you in space.”

✓ San Gerardo de Dota has fresh, clean air, plush green rainforest, and incredible biodiversity. Located in the valley of the Savegre River, this beautiful place has managed to remain a secret, and therefore visitors are still scarce; what they don’t know is that this is the place to enjoy the National Park of resplendent Quetzals.

✓ Quetzals are among the most impressive birds in the world, with a plumage that has been admired by many. It is a shy bird, and they can be difficult to spot. Quetzals can be seen throughout the year, it is much easier to see them between April and May, which is their breeding season.

✓If you are in San Gerardo and take the road to the village, if you cross the river, you will pass from Dota to Pérez Zeledón. If you follow the road to Cerro Frío (3471 m asl) by the Savegre hotel, you are already walking through the Páramo district.

✓ Hiking trails in the area allow visitors to explore its natural beauty, as well as discover waterfalls and crystal clear rivers.

✓ Quetzals are among the most impressive birds in the world, with a plumage that has been admired by many. It is a shy bird, and they can be difficult to spot. Quetzals can be seen throughout the year, it is much easier to see them between April and May, which is their breeding season.

✓If you are in San Gerardo and take the road to the village, if you cross the river, you will pass from Dota to Pérez Zeledón. If you follow the road to Cerro Frío (3471 m asl) by the Savegre hotel, you are already walking through the Páramo district.

✓ Hiking trails in the area allow visitors to explore its natural beauty, as well as discover waterfalls and crystal clear rivers.

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On December 3, 4, and 5, the citizens of Costa Rica enjoyed the sixth edition of the E-CO/24 Exhibition, whose theme this year was “Stories of Water”.

Initially, there was a breakfast between those present at the Ambassador’s Residence with the Ambassador of Spain in Costa Rica and the Director of the Cultural Center of Spain, then, everyone went to the National Stadium in San Jose, for a collective walk and tour of the exhibition of 11 photographic projects with the guidance of Gisela Volá (ARG) and Claudi Carreras (ES).

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The rain did not prevent the event full of colors, stories, faces, environmental awareness, and even an exchange of knowledge…

In this regard, Gisela Volá, Pedagogical Director of Encuentros de Colectivos Iberoamericanos E-CO, pointed out that it is all part of an open call for production and artistic residency scholarships for 11 representatives from countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Bolivia, Equatorial Guinea, Spain, and Venezuela, all of them visual artists from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities. “The winners’ works on the themes of the history of water, water crises, myths, legends, and problems related to the environment, especially water in Latin America, were displayed on the billboards of the National Stadium, an exhibition on the public thoroughfare”, he explained.

The conferences were throughout the day, the attendees were attentive to the reflections around water, one of the most valuable and threatened common goods of our planet, all through visual art, intertwining art, education, and social awareness.

Afterward, the collectives moved to the La Selva Biological Station of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), to carry out a closed residency with 28 people, to immerse themselves in Costa Rican nature and deepen their connection with the theme of water, to the creation of future works and reflections.

It is worth mentioning that the photographic encounter is part of an international collaboration between the VIST Foundation and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID).

The exhibition was also attended by researchers and creators from the National Geographic Society Latin America.

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E-CO has established itself as the largest meeting of visual production and creation in Ibero-America, whose essence is to be a call to action through art exhibitions.

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This film director Antonella Sudasassi Furniss woke up this past Wednesday with the news that her Costa Rican film “Memorias de un cuerpo que arde” (Memories of a burning body) is nominated for the Goya Awards in Spain.

The national-Spanish production competes in the Best Ibero-American Film category along with these works:

Agarrame fuerte (Hold on to me tight): Uruguay

Ainda estou aqui (I’m still here): Brazil

El Jockey (The Jockey): Argentina

El lugar de la otra (The place of the other): Chile

The Goya Awards (presented in February) are the most prestigious Spanish film awards, given annually by the Spanish Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. This 2025 will be the 39th edition.

Since its creation in 1987, these awards recognize excellence in the film industry in the country and beyond and highlight both great figures and lesser-known professionals of the so-called seventh art.

“I got a call from my Spanish co-producer at 5 a.m. because it had just been announced. We received it deeply excited, happy and with enormous pride. It is an honor to represent the country in such important spaces,” Sudasassi initially expressed in an interview.

Story line

Memories of a burning body tells the stories of Ana (68), Patricia (69) and Mayela (71), who never talked about sexuality with their mothers or sisters, nor with their daughters and granddaughters.

They discovered, at the point of impositions, what it meant to be a woman. After a childhood and youth full of adventures but also of repression and violence, today, after 65 years of age, they dare to reveal their most intimate secrets.

Why did you choose this theme?

“I think we have few references in cinema that deal with the subject of adulthood, sexuality and the very experience of being and understanding oneself as a woman.

“We live in infinitely conservative societies. The film, being based on real testimonies, allows us to recognize a macho and violent past. The film thus becomes a space for recognition and liberation.

“On the one hand an infinite happiness to know that people connect with the film and with the stories of these brave women. On the other a great invitation to reflect on the reality of adult women around the world. If it resonates so much it is because there is a shared life experience in both the positive and the strongest,” expressed the filmmaker.

Memories of a burning body, challenges and projects

Regarding the public’s reception, Sudasassi Furniss said she was happy with the response in Costa Rica. Although she acknowledged that the biggest challenge that Memorias de un cuerpo que arde had is the distribution due to money issues, both for filming and for it to be shown in the largest number of movie theaters.

“Even so, the film managed to reach theaters and sustain itself, thanks to a loyal audience that recommended it. We need a law to make films in Costa Rica that encourages investment, consolidates and increases the existing fund.

“We also need to facilitate distribution, support internationalization, and encourage the creation of audiences. In short, there are so many things missing, we are just beginning,” he stressed.

Costa Rica has a Film Investment Attraction Law

This facilitates the arrival of projects of this industry to Costa Rica. In March 2023 the regulation was approved that enables the benefits for investors in this sector to start applying the incentives defined in the Law.

Among them, total exoneration of income tax and any other tax on profits. Also, the refund-exemption of all taxes on the permanent importation of goods into the national territory for the realization of film activities.

Regarding her personal projects, the filmmaker is already working on Monstruos by Manrique Cortés. Here she produces and co-writes. “Many things are coming, especially personal and professional changes, but I hope to always be able to dedicate myself to filmmaking. It’s what I love and what I want to continue doing (…) If I had more time and, above all resources, I could write more. I have two other projects that I have not been able to develop due to a lack of both,” she concluded.

“Memorias de un cuerpo que arde” technical sheet.

Director: Antonella Sudasassi

Screenwriter: Antonella Sudasassi

Cinematography: Andres Campos

Music: Sergio García de la Puente

Editing: Bernat Aragonés

Sound: Sergio Gutiérrez, Alberto Blanco Madrigal

Art director: Laura Castillo

Executive Producer: Manrique Cortés Castro, Estephania Bonnett, Paco Poch, Antonella Sudasassi

Duration: 80 Min.

Cast: Sol Carballo, Leonardo Perucci, Liliana Biamonte, Juan Luis Araya Sánchez, Gabriel Araya Herrera, Cecilia García Pérez, Juliana Filloy Bogantes, Paulina Bernini Viquez

Awards: Berlin International Film Festival Audience Award – Panorama Section

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Driving to the Universidad Nacional in December was a family tradition for my daughter and me. Under the solstice sun and trade winds, Allison and I walked around the forestry school’s Christmas tree nursery in Heredia, north of San José, until we found a sapling with the right height and form. Back at home, decorated with ornaments that were family heirlooms, our tree sparkled with colors and brought a wonderful aroma to the house.

Like us, thousands of families in Costa Rica take the trees into their homes as a requisite for the Yuletide celebration. But I wonder how many of them know that our Costa Rican Christmas tree boasts a fascinating history and an ancient symbolism that go beyond our borders.

One of the first fascinating, albeit curious, aspects of its history is its scientific name, Cupressus lusitanicus. The epithet lusitanicus in Latin means “from Lusitania,” or Portugal. Yet the tree isn’t from there, meaning the scientist who named it made a fair-sized mistake. Two explanations have been presented to explain how this may have happened.

Back in the 1700s,when New World plants were first being discovered by the scientific community, most of the taxonomists (i.e., people who classify living things into groups such as family and species) resided in faraway Europe. The dried leaves, flowers and fruits of such plants, pressed between sheets of paper, would make the precarious trip from the field to the laboratory on mules, wagons and ships. Note cards carrying information about the place and date of collection, shipped with the plant specimen, would on occasion get shuffled or lost during the long journey. Thus, some people speculate that a tag with Portugal written on it ended up with a specimen of Mexican cypress, leading the recipient to assume it was collected there.

The other story has it that Spanish friars took the tree’s seeds from Mexico to Europe, where they ended up getting planted in Portugal. Clippings from these trees from Portugal were then sent to taxonomists, who believed them to be natives of that region. Regardless of how this blunder happened, scientific rules stipulate that the first name given to a species is the one that sticks.

The Mexican cypress is a native of high mountains in Mexico and Guatemala, where it can be found growing with fir, pine and oak. Where there is good soil and enough moisture, it can grow to 30 meters tall. Cypresses as a group do best in cool, temperate climates, and most of the world’s 12 species grow in western North America.

Though, no doubt, the New World cypresses played roles in the belief systems of Amerindians, it is the spiritual significance of an Old World cypress that has been most highlighted in literature and that has given the tree its name.

The ancient Greeks believed a young boy named Cyparissus accidentally killed a stag that he loved very much, and was so dismayed that he asked Apollo to let him grieve forever. Apollo turned him into a cypress  tree, and thereafter mourners prayed that the souls of their dead loved ones be directed to heaven like the stem of the cypress. For many pre-Christian Europeans, the sacred cypresses symbolized resurrection, which is still their meaning in many Mediterranean churchyards today.

Central America’s most famous cypress was standing until the 1940s in Concepción Chiquirichapa, Guatemala. It was a giant, measuring 12 meters around its trunk. Beneath its foliage, the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado and his army stopped to rest before advancing to conquer Quetzaltenango and from there El Salvador and Honduras.

In the early 20th century, the Mexican cypress was brought to Costa Rica. Apparently, it was first planted in rows to make windbreaks to protect dairy cattle from the cold in San José de la Montaña, in the highlands above Heredia. From there, landowners took it to the slopes of other mountain ranges within the country.

Today, the dark green silhouettes of these imported conifers are a major feature of the elevated landscapes ringing the Central Valley. Mountainside restaurants warm their customers with hot gallos and chicharrones as they enjoy the nighttime San José light display and the cool cypress-scented air.

Because of abundant inexpensive timber coming from Costa Rica’s expanding agricultural frontier, it took furniture makers a while to discover the qualities of cypress wood. But, today, we Costa Rican residents can recognize its light-yellowish wood in everything from paneling and ceilings in houses to cabinets, dressers and stools. Carpenters find the wood easy to work and long lasting. One example of its durability can be seen in the massive gates of Constantinople and the doors of St. Peter’s. Built with Mediterranean cypress wood, they remained sound for 11 centuries.

So, when you’re with your family around your Christmas tree this December, don’t forget to think of the lands to the north. The same ones that gave us piñatas, chili peppers and corn tortillas have added another to the list.

What do Costa Rica and Imperial beer have to do with Paramount+’s Operativo Lioness (or Special Ops: Lioness) series? A lot. The second season of this production created by acclaimed screenwriter Taylor Sheridan, which premiered on July 23, 2023, included our country in the plot.

Costa Rica and Imperial in Lioness

The mention of Costa Rica and the appearance of this beverage in Lioness has the following context: Pablo, played by Demián Castro, is in Costa Rica due to his role in an espionage mission involving infiltration of a terrorist organization.

Pablo is part of this team and his presence in Costa Rica is related to covert operations that seek to disrupt illicit activities in the region. In fact, in the last episode of the second season Byron (Michael Kelly) and Kaitlyn (Nicole Kidman) ask Pablo to kill his brother Alvaro, who runs part of the organization. In one of the scenes Pablo holds an Imperial beer and then when a refrigerator is opened two sixpacks appear.

The Pura Vida continues

Andrea Quirós, Imperial’s brand manager, told this newspaper that Imperial’s appearance in Lioness happened “organically”, without any contract or agreement. “We are very happy that in the framework of our 100th anniversary we have this kind of exposure and international recognition… the pura vida continues to reach the whole world!

What is Lioness about?

The plot of Operative: Lioness follows Cruz Manuelos (played by Laysla De Oliveira), a young Marine who is recruited to join the CIA’s Lioness Engagement Team. Her mission is to infiltrate a terrorist organization by befriending Aaliyah Amrohi, the daughter of a suspected terrorist.

The series focuses on the challenges and dangers faced by women in combat roles and explores themes of loyalty, bravery and the complexity of human relationships in extreme situations.

The main protagonist, Joe (played by Zoe Saldaña), is the head of the Lioness program and is in charge of training and leading her female agents. Together, Cruz and Joe must overcome their differences to carry out their dangerous mission.

In addition, the production features an all-star cast that includes Nicole Kidman and Morgan Freeman. Operative: Lioness has been well received for both its intriguing plot and its innovative approach to a traditionally male-dominated genre.

The series also generates discussions about the ethical implications of espionage and war. While featuring scenes of intense action and violence, it also addresses the moral dilemmas faced by its characters.

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The year-end holidays mark one of the busiest seasons for tourism, as many families and travelers take advantage of these vacation weeks to reconnect with loved ones, explore dream destinations or simply enjoy a well-deserved rest.

In Costa Rica, for example, during these holidays there has been a significant increase in travel both nationally and internationally. Statistics prove it, this increase in travel augments the probability of facing unforeseen events such as flight cancellations, lost luggage, or medical emergencies abroad.

However, a significant percentage of travelers still underestimate the importance of having adequate travel insurance. This is according to a study by the International Society for Aeronautical Telecommunications (SITA), which mentions that around 25 million pieces of luggage are lost at airports worldwide every year. In addition, according to data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), 10% of flights in the world are delayed or cancelled in some way, especially during high-demand seasons.

An essential ally

In this context, Luis Flores, general manager of WTW, considers that travel insurance becomes an essential ally to prevent an unforeseen event from ruining a vacation.

“At WTW we understand that every trip is a unique experience. Our commitment is to protect those experiences by offering customized solutions that provide peace of mind and security to our clients, no matter where their destination takes them,” he stresses.

Common mistakes when traveling without insurance

Despite the known risks, many travelers make mistakes that can complicate their plans and generate unexpected expenses. The most frequent include:

1. Assuming that unforeseen events will not occur: From illness to flight cancellations, traveling without insurance leaves people vulnerable to mishaps that can be very costly.

2. Choosing insurance based on price alone: Opting for the cheapest insurance without reviewing coverage can result in insufficient protection.

3. Not knowing the limitations of credit cards: Although many credit cards offer basic insurance, their coverage is usually limited and does not always cover the traveler’s specific needs.

4. Not considering the activities of the trip: Traveling to destinations with extreme sports or weather requires specialized coverage.

Taking into account these risks, WTW recommends to guarantee a safe and trouble-free vacation:

– Know the specific needs of the trip: Identifying factors such as destination, trip duration and planned activities is key to choosing a suitable policy.

– Review the insurance conditions: Carefully reading the exclusions and limitations of the policy helps to avoid unpleasant surprises.

– Consult with specialized advisors: A WTW advisor can guide travelers in selecting coverage that suits their specific needs.

According to Luis Flores, from international medical coverages to lost luggage protection, WTW’s travel insurance policies are designed to provide peace of mind in any circumstance.

“The goal of travel insurance is not only to protect travelers financially, but also to guarantee them the peace of mind of knowing that they are backed up against any eventuality,” he adds.

The end-of-year holidays are a time to enjoy and relax, but also to be prepared. Having the right travel insurance allows you to face the unexpected with confidence and ensures that every moment is memorable for the right reasons.

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Costa Rica is home to 93 species of sharks and rays, representing 8% of the global diversity of these marine animals. However, over half of these species (56%) are endangered. Locally, they face challenges such as high fishing pressure, lack of information, illegal fishing, and limited resources for monitoring and control.

On Tuesday, December 3, 2024, LCI Veritas University, in collaboration with its BIOMOL Laboratory, hosted a scientific event to address shark conservation in Costa Rica. The event brought together leading experts, students, and the public, highlighting the urgent need to protect endangered shark species and safeguard marine biodiversity.

Mario Espinoza, a biologist and researcher at the Center for Marine Sciences and Limnology Research of the University of Costa Rica (CIMAR UCR), presented an updated overview of the threats facing sharks in the region. He underscored the importance of sharks in maintaining healthy marine ecosystems and the critical need for regional cooperation to conserve migratory species that transcend borders.

“It is essential to improve the conservation status of migratory species that transcend borders,” Espinoza emphasized, urging a shift from identifying problems to finding comprehensive solutions. He also stressed the importance of education, research, environmental awareness campaigns, and engaging decision-makers to influence policies effectively.

Mariana Elizondo Sancho, a researcher at BIOMOL Laboratory, presented her study: “Population Structure and Genetic Connectivity of Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrna lewini) in Breeding Areas of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP).”

Her findings reveal that hammerhead sharks have low genetic diversity, with pups in nursery areas more closely related than expected. This suggests that females may return to specific areas to reproduce, making the species more vulnerable to fishing activities.

Similarly, marine biologist Allison Centeno, a master’s student at Florida Atlantic University, analyzed shark landing data from longline fishing in the Pacific between 2015 and 2021. She discovered that silky sharks were the most commonly caught species, and over 50% of the landings involved bycatch—species not targeted by fisheries. These findings highlight the need for collaboration among government agencies, fishing communities, and conservation organizations to ensure sustainable fishing practices.

Juan Carlos Delgado, director of BIOMOL Laboratory, concluded the event with his research on “Identification of Species Composition from Shark Products in Costa Rica.” He demonstrated how molecular tools, such as DNA analysis, are revolutionizing marine research.

“In our project to identify species from shark products marketed in Costa Rica, we have been able to use DNA to determine the species we consume when buying products labeled as bolillo, dogfish, or simply shark,” Delgado Carazo explained.

The study revealed that 2.5% of fillets and chops sampled across the country were from hammerhead sharks, a species with special protection under a recent decree prohibiting its capture and commercialization. “Any incidental capture must be released and cannot be sold,” Delgado Carazo reminded attendees.

Costa Rica continues to shine as a top destination for celebrities seeking relaxation, luxury, and stunning natural beauty. This time, U.S. actor and producer Morgan Freeman visited the country from December 11 to 14, as confirmed by the General Directorate of Immigration (DGME). Freeman explored Guanacaste, one of Costa Rica’s most popular provinces for A-list visitors. Known for its pristine beaches and luxurious accommodations, Guanacaste remains a favorite for international stars.

During his stay, Freeman dined at the Italian restaurant La Forketta, which shared its excitement on social media:

“Recently, we had the honor of hosting the legendary Morgan Freeman at La Forketta. His kindness made that night an unforgettable experience. Thank you for making our Italian corner in Costa Rica part of your trip,” the restaurant wrote on Instagram.

Hazel’s Steak & Seafood in Flamingo also posted about Freeman’s visit, sharing an image with the caption:

“Honored and excited to have Morgan Freeman join us at @hazelsflamingo for dinner.”

Hollywood Stars Attend Wedding in Costa Rica

In addition to Freeman’s visit, Guanacaste welcomed other celebrities for the wedding of Jessica Lageyre and Joseph Perez. Among the attendees were Kendall Jenner, Hailey Bieber, and Justin Bieber, who enjoyed the tropical paradise while celebrating their friends’ union.

Jessica, who lived in Costa Rica from the age of 3 to 13, has deep ties to the country. Her family built a hotel in Tamarindo during her childhood, which remains operational today. One of the wedding’s four lavish parties was held at the family’s property. “The wedding was held here because Jessica loves Costa Rica. It’s been her dream since she was a little girl to get married here,” said Jean Marc Lageyre, father of the bride.

The Biebers shared photos of their stay on social media, showcasing their time at the beach and Justin’s golf outing under Guanacaste’s sunny skies. Supermodel Kendall Jenner also delighted fans with images of her enjoying Costa Rica’s breathtaking beaches and magical sunsets.

I am currently building a collection of reusable shopping bags, courtesy of my local supermarket. The bags are said to have a shelf life of about 200 uses, but I wouldn’t know, because every time I go to the store, I forget to bring one of the dozens I have stored in the cabinet below my sink, and have to pay 100 colones each for new bags to add to my growing hoard. But it’s a start. One small step against the flowing tide of plastic, plastic everywhere.

It’s even the law now. Specifically, the Law to Combat Plastic Pollution and Protect the Environment. Officially, Law 9786, and it has been in effect since April. No more straws, no more plastic bags– except (and this is a big except) those not used to transport goods to their final destination. Which covers everything else in the store that uses plastic, from bottles to the rolls of clear plastic bags used in the vegetable and fruit area to bag your potatoes and bananas, to the plastic garbage bags packaged inside another plastic bag.

In truth, it is inescapable. Leo Hendrik Baekeland, a Belgian known as the Father of Plastics, likely did not foresee a future where his non-biodegradable invention would be so widespread that microscopic particles of it appear in places unimaginable– the sea, soil, food, drinking water, in human and animal tissue, including stools, the lungs, the bloodstream, placentas, and breast milk. Like some sci-fi creature able to split itself into infinitesimal forms and invade every nook that makes up the fabric of civilization, even our bodies, plastic is everywhere.

When I first came to live in Costa Rica, I liked to joke that plastic was a genuine Tico growth industry. Ferreterias, tiendas, pulperias, supermercados all had the same routine with any purchase: wrap it up, tape it shut, stick it inside a plastic bag and tie that famous tight double knot that requires the patience of a Zen Buddhist to untie without giving up and just ripping the whole thing open. I would buy a few simple items and end up with a bucket of plastic crap.

There were sporadic attempts to get recycling programs going, and there are to this day. You may see garbage cans neatly labeled ‘Lata’, “Papel’, ‘Plastico’, etc, outside stores and in public areas. But peek inside each and you will see that some make the attempt to put their plastics and other garbage in the correct can, while others are apparently illiterate.

A long time ago, I was living on a quinta in a rural area and had conscientiously separated all of my refuse into several sacks. The owner of the quinta came by and saw the sacks outside. She had her peon cart them to the back edge of the property–where there was a giant square hole. I watched as he dumped my sacks into the hole and buried them all.

What happens here is a microcosm of what goes on in the world. When you consider microplastics, the great Pacific Garbage Patch, and the fact that the world produces more than 380 million tons of plastic every year, you may feel like Captain Ahab battling Moby Dick, but instead of a whale, the object of your ire is a mountain of plastic that towers over you, grows by the hour and is hopeless to oppose. In the meantime, those reusable cloth bags have replaced the plastic bags in my kitchen cabinet. It’s a start, I suppose.

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights condemned El Salvador this Friday for denying an abortion in 2013 to a woman, publicly known as Beatriz, despite her life being at risk and the fetus having a congenital malformation. For the first time, the continental court ruled on a case related to abortion, which is prohibited in El Salvador under any circumstances with prison sentences of two to eight years, but usually interpreted by justice as aggravated homicide, carrying penalties of up to 50 years in prison.

“The (Salvadoran) State is responsible for violating the rights to personal integrity, private life, and health (…) to the detriment of Beatriz,” indicated the continental court, based in San José. “I believe this is total justice,” Delmy, Beatriz’s mother, said from San Salvador after learning of the sentence, which she described as “a triumph.”

Beatriz, a pseudonym used to protect the woman’s identity, was 22 years old and suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease. At 12 weeks of pregnancy, her fetus presented anencephaly, the absence of brain development.

“The State is responsible for violating the victim’s right to judicial protection” when the Salvadoran Constitutional Court denied her petition for abortion, said the Court. After 81 days from the abortion request, Beatriz went into labor and had to undergo emergency cesarean section at 26 weeks of pregnancy. The baby died five hours later.

In an exclusive interview in 2013 from the hospital in San Salvador where she was admitted, Beatriz said: “I want the cesarean, first for my health and because the child won’t live. What they have done to me isn’t right, they have made me suffer.”

Justice Prevails

Beatriz, who died in 2017 in a traffic accident, had already had a first pregnancy in 2011 that was complicated by preeclampsia (hypertension during pregnancy) related to her autoimmune disease, which forced doctors to perform a cesarean section to save the fetus’s life. After 38 days in hospital, the baby survived.

“What we really want is for other women not to suffer what my sister had to go through,” Beatriz’s brother, who preferred not to reveal his identity, said in 2023 during the start of hearings at the Inter-American Court. Beatriz was from the town of La Noria Tierra Blanca, about 100 km southeast of San Salvador. Her case is just one example of the situation of women, especially those with low resources, in countries where abortion is prohibited.

“Beatriz’s underlying medical condition required a special duty of protection from the State, through the provision of diligent and timely medical care” and she did not receive it, the sentence emphasized. In San Salvador, feminist activists received the ruling with joy. “Justice prevails. We are happy, today December 20 is a day that has gone down in history for women’s reproductive justice,” said lawyer Angélica Rivas from the Feminist Collective.

In Latin America, abortion is legal in Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Uruguay, and in some states of Mexico. In Chile, it is illegal with the exception of risk to the mother’s health, rape, or fetal malformations. In El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, it is absolutely prohibited.

Reparation Measures

Beatriz’s mother now hopes that “the State complies with what the Court ordered so that this case is not repeated” in any other woman in her situation. The Court ordered as reparation measures that, to ensure a similar case does not occur again, El Salvador “must adopt guidelines and action protocols for medical and judicial personnel regarding pregnancies that risk the mother’s life or health.”

It must also adopt measures that guarantee “legal security in handling situations like the present case.” After Beatriz’s situation, El Salvador changed several protocols for the care of pregnant women, however, the Court considered that “gaps persist in the regulations for adequate and timely attention to cases like Beatriz’s.”

The Salvadoran government received the sentence “with responsibility” and will “deeply analyze the scope and recommendations” of the continental court within the framework of “national legislation,” indicated Presidential Commissioner for Human Rights, Andrés Guzmán, in a statement.

The treacherous Darién jungle, a crucial corridor between Colombia and Panama for migrants heading to the United States, has seen a significant decrease in crossings as Donald Trump’s January inauguration draws near. Official figures show a 41% drop in migrant crossings compared to last year, with 300,000 people making the perilous journey in 2024 versus 520,000 in 2023.

The human cost remains stark: 55 migrants have lost their lives in the jungle this year alone, facing dangers ranging from raging rivers and wild animals to violent criminal groups, according to Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino.

Since 2010, approximately 1.3 million people have traversed the Darién Gap, with nearly two-thirds of these crossings occurring in the past two years. The demographic makeup of these migrants is diverse, primarily consisting of Venezuelans, but also including Colombians, Ecuadorians, Haitians, and Chinese nationals. Perhaps most concerning, one-fifth of these migrants are children, some traveling without adult accompaniment.

The decline in crossings comes as Panama implements new measures in cooperation with the United States. A July agreement, backed by $6 million in U.S. funding, has enabled Panama to deport over 1,500 migrants through approximately 40 flights to Colombia, Ecuador, and India. However, Venezuelan migrants are exempt from these deportations due to Caracas’s refusal to accept flights from Panama.

President Mulino attributes the decrease to both the closure of jungle trails and the deterrent effect of immediate deportation. “Risking your life walking for 20 or 21 days out there only to be caught and put on a plane and sent back to where you started, I feel that has been a deterrent factor,” he stated.

However, international organizations caution against overreliance on restrictive measures. Juanita Goebertus, Americas director at Human Rights Watch, emphasized that such policies historically fail to deter those fleeing human rights crises in countries like Venezuela, Haiti, or Ecuador.

The situation is further complicated by political uncertainty in Venezuela. As Nicolás Maduro prepares to begin another term on January 10 – despite international controversy over his election – opposition leader Edmundo González Urrutia, claiming victory in July’s elections, plans to attempt his own inauguration the same day.

Diana Romero, a UNICEF emergency specialist in Panama, notes the human impact of these political shifts: “For families in transit, these types of changes generate uncertainty, anxiety, and concern because many of their efforts to mobilize and seek better status may be truncated.”

President Mulino maintains that the Darién migration crisis will persist until Venezuela’s political and social challenges are resolved. He expressed hope for collaboration with the incoming Trump administration, stating, “I believe this is a point of agreement with President-elect Trump… that’s where they’re going.”

As the region braces for potential policy shifts under Trump’s presidency, many migrant families are reportedly choosing to wait and observe how the political situations in both the United States and Venezuela unfold before risking the dangerous Darién crossing.

With an exhibition that brings together 120 works by 60 artists, Artflow Gallery celebrates its 15th anniversary. The special exhibition called “60 x 60”, stands out because each piece shares the same size, 60 centimeters, the exhibition is a window to the diversity and richness of styles that characterizes Costa Rican contemporary art.

The creative freedom of “60 x 60” is reflected in the variety of styles and techniques presented. The exhibition features works by established artists such as Priscila Monge, Isidro Con Wong and Paulina Ortiz, along with pieces by emerging talents.

The exhibition’s set-up takes full advantage of the gallery’s spaces on Avenida Escazú, inviting visitors to discover how each work interacts with the others, creating a unique visual journey.

The gallery, a project of Portafolio Inmobiliario, has been during these years a meeting point for artists and art lovers, consolidating itself as a reference in the country’s cultural scene.

A journey full of learning, creativity and meaningful encounters

“These 15 years represent a journey full of learning, creativity and meaningful encounters. With ’60 x 60′, we seek to pay tribute to all the artists who have been part of our history, and to the people who have accompanied us along the way. It is an exhibition that celebrates diversity and the magic of art as a universal language,” said Karen Clachar, director of the gallery. The gallery, located in Building 301 on Escazú Avenue, remains committed to bringing art closer to the people, being a space where creativity, inspiration and community meet. “60 x 60” will be open until February 28, with free admission.

“At Portafolio Inmobiliario we are proud to be part of initiatives that generate memorable experiences. Artflow Galería has done an extraordinary job during these 15 years, and we are thrilled to be the stage for this exhibition that highlights the best of national talent,” added Johnny Jaikel, director of the Avenida Escazú Project.

Take note:

What 60 x 60 Exhibition

When Closes on February 28, 2025

Hours Monday to Saturday, 11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

Guided tours Gabriela Silva at (506) 7163-4320

More information at:

www.artflowgaleria.com

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Fish aren’t usually counted among the most common human fears but plenty of movies and other media types have tried to change that fact. The Jason Statham-starring The Meg (2018) and its 2023 sequel breathed some life into a genre floating upside down in its tank since the heyday of Jaws in 1975 and the toothy, silly film it inspired, Piranha (1978).

A Man-eater

The latter two movies gave viewers a severe – if unnecessary – fear of anything ocean-going with teeth, leading Jaws author Peter Benchley to regret ever writing the original book. Piranha’s fame wasn’t quite as global but the idea of the (real-life) fish as a man-eater still exists today. The Piranha Pays video slot features great hunks of meat on its reels, as well as a fish that keeps growing in size.

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Source: Pexels

Slot machines and movie fish hide the fact that piranhas are mostly harmless to humans. The Smithsonian claims that people swim with them in South America. Granted, piranhas eat meat and have a fearsome set of teeth but research from PopSci magazine discovered that it’d take 300-500 of this ancient species to devour a person in the ‘traditional’ way – down to the bone in a few minutes.

Not that they’d have the inclination to. Reportedly, this latter legend comes from Teddy Roosevelt, who once saw a cow devoured by a ravenous pack of piranhas in the Amazon. In reality, piranhas will eat just about anything but favor a diet of insects, worms, and other ‘nibbles’. Some piranha are vegetarian. Some piranha are cannibals, a trait that only adds to their horror movie reputation.

“South American Trout”

Costa Rica doesn’t have any piranhas, although, this species manages to travel as part of the pet trade. For example, the University of California lists the red-bellied piranha as an invasive fish species in the state despite a lack of “established” populations in the US. Sightings in California are blamed on “aquarium releases”, which can cause upset to native plants and animals.

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The closest relative to the piranha in Costa Rica is the machaca. There are two species in the country – Brycon behreae and the larger Brycon costaricensis, both of which are considered cousins of the South American piranha. Don’t be afraid. These stocky fish start out as insectivores but become herbivorous by adulthood, feeding on seeds and plant matter that fall from trees.

The machaca is prized worldwide as a sport fish. The International Game Fish Association refers to it as the “South American trout”, noting its suitability for fly-fishing. Anglers are advised to use a fly that can withstand the machaca’s sharp maw, such as a piece of cork. A freshwater species, the machaca can be found in Lake Arenal but also in Pacific watersheds nearer the coast. 

Would you want one as a pet? Probably not. Like trout, Machaca are generally not kept as companions like their red-bellied cousins. They don’t taste very good cooked, either. This is one fish best left outdoors.

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Celebrity Bear Hunt, the British reality show that was filmed in Costa Rica last May, already has a premiere date on Netflix. The streaming platform announced that the program that brings together a group of celebrities in the forests of our country will air on February 5, 2025 and will consist of eight episodes.

According to a report from The Sun, the reality show featured the following participants:

Boris Becker (tennis legend)

Steph McGovern (co-host of The Rest Is Money)

Danny Cipriani (former England rugby player)

Mel B (former Spice Girls)

Joe Thomas (actor)

Lottie Moss (model and daughter of Kate Moss)

Leomie Anderson (presenter)

Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen (designer)

Shirley Ballas (dancer)

Big Zuu (rapper)

Una Healy (singer)

Kola Bokinni (actor)

Celebrity Bear Hunt will be hosted by British model and presenter Holly Willoughby. In fact she is one of the stars of the private channel ITV, the largest in the UK.

She will be joined by Edward Michael Grylls, better known as Bear Grylls, who is a professional adventurer, survival expert, writer, TV presenter and former British military man. The production will be an adventure reality show in which Grylls will hunt the contestants and when he finds them, they will be eliminated from the competition.

British media published that Netflix would have invested a little more than $1.2 million in the security and protection of the cast. This is due to the fact that Costa Rica “has been affected by the increase in kidnappings”.

The Sun and Daily Mail even noted months ago that the team’s security would be provided by “ex-special forces and ex-servicemen for hire”, who will protect everyone from “drug gangs and kidnappers”.

“The (project) bosses will spend $1.2 million on security in the Costa Rican jungle, where murders and attacks on bystanders are on the rise,” both newspapers reported.

Attracting projects to Costa Rica

The Foreign Trade Promoter (Procomer) and the Film Commission announced last April that a reality film would be shot in Guanacaste, without giving further details.

This was the first project that came to Costa Rica thanks to the benefits granted by the Film Investment Attraction Law, in force since November 2021. This law grants benefits such as exemptions from all taxes on temporary imports of equipment. The Minister of Foreign Trade, Manuel Tovar, stated at that time that this production would generate direct jobs and linkages in the province.

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QCOSTARICA — Vicarious violence, also called “substitution violence” is considered one of the most complex forms of domestic aggression. In practical terms, it consists of attacking children so that the mothers are the ones who suffer.

The concept is extended to scenarios where the protection of the property and even the pets of the victims is also sought.

In Costa Rica, a bill has been circulating since the beginning of the year. However, it has not managed to align its ideas with normative science and the logistical aspects that would allow for its proper application.

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“The criminal type is necessary and I agree with it. But since the impact on the Judiciary, we are going to face a pile of complaints and a greater number of jobs without having the necessary professionals,” summarizes Judge Roxana Chacón.

This and other observations have been deepened by the Judiciary after several consultations on the text of the bill and it was reiterated this week. The lack of resources and the overload that the project would demand to have psychological and psychiatric reports would be making it difficult to materialize said Law against Vicarious Violence.

“A judge is not going to take risks”

The latest edition of the norm proposes reforms to the Law against Domestic Violence. It would also affect the Law of Penalization of Violence against Women and the Family Code.

Among the main concerns of the Judiciary is that in order to make changes to measures, victims should be heard.

In addition, it would be necessary to have psychological and psychiatric examinations. Although in this case it is said that they would be optional, the lack of personnel and the fact that it resorted to studies as a key input still raises alarms in the Court.

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“The same judge will never risk opting for an alternative sentence without requesting these psychological and psychiatric examinations in all cases where he sees the possibility,” said Judge Sandra Zúñiga, in charge of the ruling.

Added to this is the need for various resources to attend to all the paperwork necessary to implement the law.

“That not only means money, the need for us to have to carry out, each expert report has a cost for the institution,” added Zúñiga.

“It means money because we will possibly not be able to cope with the number of professionals who currently carry out these expert reports. I do not have to remember here the situation we currently have with the medical staff in the institution. This will represent a delay in the processing of all criminal cases of this nature. Of course there is an affectation to the administration and operation,” she concluded.

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More points to clarify

The magistrates also argued that there are concepts in the bill that remain open in the case of Vicarious Violence.

One that is essential is to define when the link between two people is identified as a relationship. Although marriages and courtships are contemplated, other approaches would be open. In addition, some time periods that in theory would be necessary according to Criminal Law are not defined.

“It can take 10 years, 20 years, 40 years. It seems to me that this is an issue from the point of view of the principle of legality. It speaks of people who have maintained a relationship, a relationship that can last a week,” Zúñiga explained.

Particularly the concern is about the concept of “sentimental relationship” in the bill. “It seems to me to be a confusing, generic, broad and indeterminate expression and that vagueness could have problems when it comes to being applied,” the high judge explained.

Her colleague Chacón stressed that vicarious violence is one of the areas where prevention issues must also be worked on. “We cannot face this number of cases without significant prevention that allows us to mitigate the effects and lower the numbers so that they are not so high,” she said.

“If there is no prevention it is almost impossible and that is not up to us but to the central government,” agreed magistrate Jesús Ramírez.

What does the Law against Vicarious Violence cover?

The bill attempts to mitigate the emotional, psychological and patrimonial impact of vicarious violence.

Its definition would be as follows:

Action or omission committed by someone who maintains or maintained a relationship of marriage, de facto union or some sentimental relationship with the woman, acting on their own or through an intermediary, whose objective is to cause emotional, psychological or patrimonial harm to the woman, through the physical, psychological, emotional or patrimonial affectation or harm to a descendant, ascendant, collateral relative by blood, affinity or adoption up to the fourth degree inclusive, economic dependent, pet or movable or immovable property of the victim.

BILL 24.114

At the level of regulations and new penalties, the law would cover sanctions such as:

• Prison sentence of 20 to 35 years: for anyone who kills relatives up to the fourth degree of the woman with whom they were in a relationship.
• Up to two years and eight months: for the death of the woman’s pet.
• From three to 15 years: for beating and physical and psychological damage to the woman’s family members.
• Between three months and three years of disqualification: applies to officials who promote the obstruction of investigations for vicarious violence.
• Disqualification from two to six years: for cases of non-compliance with the duties of officials who, faced with a situation of risk to the personal integrity or economic need of the woman victim, do not carry out their work.

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